Author :
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between school culture and teacher leadership. A total of 366 teachers working in high schools in the Şişli district of Istanbul participated in the study. The data were gathered through the “Organisational Culture Scale” and the “Teacher Leadership Scale”. The results of the study showed that the teachers' perceptions of school culture were concentrated on task-oriented culture, while those of teacher leadership on organisational development. Positive and significant relationships were revealed between all sub-dimensions of school culture and those of teacher leadership. Support-oriented culture and task-oriented culture were found to be positive and significant predictors of the teacher leadership dimension "organisational development". In addition, success-oriented culture and bureaucratic culture were positive and significant predictors of the teacher leadership dimension "professional development". Furthermore, another teacher leadership dimension "collaboration with colleagues" was positively and significantly predicted by support-oriented culture, task-oriented culture and success-oriented culture.
Keywords
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between school culture and teacher leadership. A total of 366 teachers working in high schools in the Şişli district of Istanbul participated in the study. The data were gathered through the “Organisational Culture Scale” and the “Teacher Leadership Scale”. The results of the study showed that the teachers' perceptions of school culture were concentrated on task-oriented culture, while those of teacher leadership on organisational development. Positive and significant relationships were revealed between all sub-dimensions of school culture and those of teacher leadership. Support-oriented culture and task-oriented culture were found to be positive and significant predictors of the teacher leadership dimension "organisational development". In addition, success-oriented culture and bureaucratic culture were positive and significant predictors of the teacher leadership dimension "professional development". Furthermore, another teacher leadership dimension "collaboration with colleagues" was positively and significantly predicted by support-oriented culture, task-oriented culture and success-oriented culture.
Keywords
- Adams, D., & Gamage, D. T. (2008). A study of leadership effectiveness in a large VET institution in Australia. International Journal of Educational Management, 22, 214-228. doi:10.1108/09513540810861856
- Ağırman, N. (2016). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin öğretmen yeterlik ve öğretmen liderlik düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi Unpublished master’s thesis. Atatürk University, Erzurum.
- Angelle, P. S., Nixon, T. J., Norton, E. M., & Niles, C. A. (2011, November). Increasing organizational effectiveness: An examination of teacher leadership, collective efficacy, and trust in schools. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the University Council for Educational Administration, Pittsburgh. PA. Accessed from http://web.utk.edu/~elps/Faculty_Staff/CE.TL.Trust.11.19.11.pdf on 12.2.2017.
- Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. (1984). The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Psychometrika, 49, 155-173. doi:10.1007/BF02294170
- Aslan, M. (2011). Öğretmen liderliği davranışları ve sınıf iklimi: Öğretmen ve öğrenci görüşleri bağlamında bir araştırma Unpublished master’s thesis. Osmangazi University, Eskişehir.
- Beachum, F., & Dentith, A. M. (2004). Teacher leaders creating cultures of school renewal and transformation. Educational Forum, 68, 276-286. doi:10.1080/00131720408984639
- Beycioğlu, K. (2009). İlköğretim okullarında öğretmenlerin sergiledikleri liderlik rollerine ilişkin bir değerlendirme Unpublished master’s thesis. Malatya, Turkey.
- Beycioglu, K., & Aslan, B. (2010). Öğretmen liderliği ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. İlköğretim Online, 9(2), 764-775.
- Beycioğlu, K., & Aslan, B. (2012). Öğretmen ve yöneticilerin öğretmen liderliğine ilişkin görüşleri: Bir karma yöntem çalışması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 2(2), 191-223.
- Borchers, B. T. (2009). A study to determine the practices of high school principals and central office administrators who effectively foster continuous professional learning in high schools (Order No. 3389298). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (UMI No. 304932769)
- Brooks, J. S., Scribner, J. P., & Eferakorho, J. (2004). Teacher leadership in the context of whole school reform. Journal of School Leadership, 14, 242-265.
- Brosky, D. (2011). Micropolitics in the school: Teacher leaders’ use of political skill and influence tactics. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 6, 1-11.
- Bursalıoğlu, Z. (2011). Okul yönetiminde yeni yapı ve davranış. Ankara: Pegem
- Can, N. (2006). Öğretmen liderliğinin geliştirilmesinde müdürün rol ve stratejileri. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, 349-363.
- Celep, C. (2002). İlköğretim okullarında öğrenme kültürü. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 8, 356-373.
- Cerit, Y. (2012). Okulun bürokratik yapısı ile sınıf öğretmenlerinin profesyonel davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 4(4), 497-521.
- Chamberland, L. (2009). Distributed leadership: Developing a new practice: An action research study (Order No. 3367708). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (UMI No. 304856820)
- Chew, J. O. A., & Andrews, D. (2010). Enabling teachers to become pedagogical leaders: Case studies of two IDEAS schools in Singapore and Australia. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 9, 59-74. doi:10.1007/s10671-010-9079-0
- Crowther, F., Kaagen, S. S., Ferguson, M., & Hann, L. (2002). Developing teacher leaders: How teacher leadership enhances school success. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
- Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 1019-1031. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.55.4.584
- Dalgıç Dinlendi, E. (2012). Okul yönetimi sürecinde İngilizce öğretmenlerinin liderlik uygulamaları Unpublished master’s thesis. Marmara University, İstanbul.
- Danielson, C. (2006). Teacher leadership that strengthens professional practice. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
- Danielson, C. (2007). The many faces of leadership. Educational leadership, 65(1), 14-19. ERIC Number: EJ777070
- Demir, K. (2014). Teacher leadership culture scale: The study of validity and reliability. Elementary Education Online, 13(2), 334-344.
- Demirtaş, Z. (2010). Okul kültürü ile öğrenci başarısı arasındaki ilişki. Eğitim ve Bilim Dergisi, 35(158), 3-13.
- Donaldson, G. A. (2006). Cultivating leadership in schools: Connecting people, purpose and practice. New York: Teachers College Press.
- Friedman, H. (2011). The myth behind the subject leader as a school key player. Teachers and Teaching, 17, 289- 302. doi:10.1080/13540602.2011.554701
- Frost, D., & Durrant, J. (2003). Teacher leadership: Rationale, strategy and impact. School Leadership & Management, 23(2), 173-186. doi:10.1080/1363243032000091940
- Fullan, M. (1993). Change forces. Toronto: Falmer.
- Gaffney, M., & Faragher, R. (2010). Sustaining improvement in numeracy: Developing pedagogical content knowledge and leadership capabilities in tandem. Mathematics Teacher Education and Development, 12, 72-83.
- Gehrke, N. (1991). Developing teachers’ leadership skills. ERICDigest ED330691.
- Geist, J. R. (2002). Predictors of faculty trust in elementary schools: Enabling bureaucracy, teacher professionalism, and academic press (Order No. 3081919). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (305498718). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/305498718?accountid=25087.
- Gordin, L. (2010). Conceptualization and support of the role of teachers serving as team leaders in a professional learning community (Order No. 3415533). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (UMI No. 725645784)
- Handy, C. B. (1981). Understanding organizations. London: Hazell Watson & Viney
- Harris, A. & Muijs, D. (2005). Improving schools through teacher leadership. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
- Harrison, R. (1972). Understanding your organization’s character. Harvard Business Review, 50(23), 119-128.
- Hart, A. W. (1994). Creating teacher leadership roles. Educational Administration Quarterly, 30, 472-497. doi:10.1177/0013161X94030004005
- Heller, M. F., & Firestone, W. A. (1995). Who's in charge here? Sources of leadership for change in eight schools. The Elementary School Journal, 96(1), 65-86. doi:10.1086/461815
- Hobson, L. D., & Moss, L. (2010). Analysis of teacher leadership as a teacher development model: An opportunity for reform and improved practice. National Forum of Educational Administration and Supervision Journal, 27(2), 28-42.
- Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2010). Eğitim yönetimi. (S. Turan, Trans.). Ankara: Nobel.
- Hoy, W. K., & Sweetland, S. R. (2001). Designing better schools: The meaning and nature of enabling school structure. Educational Administration Quarterly, 37, 296-321.
- Hoy, W. K., Tarter, C. J., & Bliss, J. R. (1990). Organizational climate, school health, and effectiveness: A comparative analysis. Educational Administration Quarterly, 26(3), 260-279. doi:10.1177/0013161X90026003004
- Hunzicker, J. (2012). Professional development and job-embedded collaboration: How teachers learn to exercise leadership. Professional Development in Education, 38, 267-289. doi:10.1080/19415257.2012.657870
- Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (2001). LISREL 8.51. Mooresville: Scientific Software.
- Kabler, A. L. (2013). Understanding the relationship between school culture and teacher leadership (Order No. 3568739). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1426247303). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1426247303?accountid=25087.
- Kalkan, F. (2016). Relationship between professional learning community, bureaucratic structure and organisational trust in primary education schools, Kuram ve Uygulamada Egitim Bilimleri, 16(5), 1619. doi:10.12738/estp.2016.5.0022
- Katzenmeyer, M., & Moller, G. (2001). Awakening the sleeping giant: Helping teachers develop as leaders. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
- Kılınç, A. Ç. (2014). Examining the relationship between teacher leadership and school climate. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 14(5), 1729-1742. doi:10.12738/estp.2014.5.2159
- Kılınç, A.Ç. & Recepoğlu, E. (2013). Ortaöğretim okulu öğretmenlerinin öğretmen liderliğine ilişkin algı ve beklentileri. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 175-215.
- Kline, R. B. (2005). Principle and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford.
- Koşar, S. (2008). İlköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin yönetimde gücü kullanma stilleri ile örgüt kültürü arasındaki ilişki. Unpublished master’s thesis. Gazi University, Ankara.
- Koşar, S. & Çalık, T. (2011). Okul yöneticilerinin yönetimde gücü kullanma stilleri ile örgüt kültürü arasındaki ilişki. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 17(4), 581-603.
- Kölükçü, D. (2011). .İlköğretim okulu öğretmenlerinin öğretmen liderliğini gösteren davranışlarının gereklilik ve sergilenme derecesine ilişkin görüşleri. Unpublished master’s thesis. Başkent University, Ankara.
- Marzano, R. J., Waters, T., & McNulty, B. A. (2005). School leadership that works: From research to results. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
- Muijs, D., & Harris, A. (2006). Teacher led school improvement: Teacher leadership in the UK. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22, 961-972. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.010
- Mullins, L. J. (2016). Management and organizational behavior. London: Pitman.
- Özçetin, S. (2013). Öğretmen liderliğinin okulun liderlik kapasitesinin gelişimine etkisi: Bir durum çalışması Unpublished master’s thesis. Akdeniz University, Antalya.
- Özdemir, S. (2012). İlköğretim okullarında okul kültürü ile örgütsel sağlık arasındaki ilişki. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 18(4), 599-620.
- Öztürk, N. (2015). Eğitim örgütlerinde örgüt kültürü ve öğretmen liderliği: Lider-üye etkileşiminin aracılık rolü Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Gaziantep University, Gaziantep.
- Paulu, N., & Winters, K. (1998). Teachers leading the way: Voices from the national teacher forum. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
- Poekert, P. E. (2012) Teacher leadership and professional development: Examining links between two concepts central to school improvement. Professional Development in Education, 38(2), 169-188. doi:10.1080/19415257.2012.657824
- Robbins, S. (1990). Organization theory (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (4th ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (1996). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Hilsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Selçuk, G. (2014). Okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin liderlik davranışları Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Zirve University, Gaziantep.
- Sergiovanni, T. (2001). The principals: A reflective practice perspective. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Sezgin, F. (2010). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılığının bir yordayıcısı olarak okul kültürü. Eğitim ve Bilim, 35(156), 142-159.
- Smylie, M. A. & Brownlee-Conyers, J. (1992). Teacher leaders and their principals: Exploring the development of new working relationships. Educational Administration Quarterly, 28, 150-184.
- Smylie, M. A., & Denny, J. W. (1990). Teacher leadership: Tensions and ambiguities in organizational perspective. Educational Administration Quarterly, 26, 235-259. doi:10.1177/0013161X90026003003
- Şişman, M. (2002). Örgütler ve kültürler. Ankara: PegemA.
- Şişman, M. (2004). Öğretim liderliği. Ankara: PegemA.
- Terzi, A. R. (2005). İlköğretim okullarında okul kültürü. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 11, 423-442.
- Tschannen-Moran, M., Parish, J., & DiPaola, M. F. (2006). School climate and state standards: How interpersonal relationships influence student achievement. Journal of School Leadership, 16, 386-415.
- Ülger, M. (2015). Ortaokul öğretmenlerinin öğretmen liderliği algılarının, örgütsel vatandaşlık ve işe sarılma düzeyleriyle ilişkisi üzerine bir araştırma. Unpublished master’s thesis. Zirve University, Gaziantep.
- Wagner, C. R. (2006). The school leader's tool for assessing and improving school culture. Principal Leadership, 7(4), 41-44. Retrived on 12.2.2017 from http://mssaa.org/gen/mssaa_ generated_bin/ documents/basic _module/School_culture_triage.pdf.
- Wenner, J. A., & Campbell, T. (2016). The theoretical and empirical basis of teacher leadership: A Review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 87(1), 134-171. doi:10.3102/0034654316653478
- York-Barr, J., & Duke, K. (2004). What do we know about teacher leadership? Findings from two decades of scholarship. Review of Educational Research, 74(3), 255-316. doi:10.3102/00346543074003255
- Yusof, H., Osman, M. N. A. H., & Noor, M. A. M. (2016). School culture and its relationship with teacher leadership. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(11), 272-286. doi:10.6007/IJARBSS/v6-i11/2396.