Distinctive Characteristics of Flourishing, Self-Esteem and Emotional Approach Coping to Mood (Pages: 30 - 40)
Author :
Abstract
After validity and reliability of The Brief Mood Introspection Scale has been studied, participants who took place in the study and whose mood is low and high has been detected; and the sensibility level of self-esteem, flourishing and emotional approach coping for these participants has been studied. In total 316 students who receive education at the Faculty of Education and Faculty of Science and Literature at Adnan Menderes University in the fall semester of 2012-2013 school year took place in the study and 172 of them were women (54.40%) and 144 of them were men (45.60%). In the study The Brief Mood Introspection Scale, Self-Esteem Scale (Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale), Flourishing Scale, Emotional Approach Coping Scale and personal information form were used for collecting data. According to the result that was obtained by the study in which university students were participant, it was found that The Brief Mood Introspection Scale is a valid and reliable scale. It was found that mood which is positive and tends to provide pleasure is positively associated with self-esteem at the highest level and then it is positively associated with emotional approach coping and flourishing. It was detected that in order to make distinction participants of the study who were on positive and negative mood; self-esteem, flourishing and emotional approach coping have necessary adequateness for discriminant analysis. According to the result of discriminant analysis it was concluded that the most effective factor for making a distinction between participants who are pleasant for their mood and who are not, is self-esteem; and flourishing and emotional approach coping follow it.
Keywords
Abstract
After validity and reliability of The Brief Mood Introspection Scale has been studied, participants who took place in the study and whose mood is low and high has been detected; and the sensibility level of self-esteem, flourishing and emotional approach coping for these participants has been studied. In total 316 students who receive education at the Faculty of Education and Faculty of Science and Literature at Adnan Menderes University in the fall semester of 2012-2013 school year took place in the study and 172 of them were women (54.40%) and 144 of them were men (45.60%). In the study The Brief Mood Introspection Scale, Self-Esteem Scale (Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale), Flourishing Scale, Emotional Approach Coping Scale and personal information form were used for collecting data. According to the result that was obtained by the study in which university students were participant, it was found that The Brief Mood Introspection Scale is a valid and reliable scale. It was found that mood which is positive and tends to provide pleasure is positively associated with self-esteem at the highest level and then it is positively associated with emotional approach coping and flourishing. It was detected that in order to make distinction participants of the study who were on positive and negative mood; self-esteem, flourishing and emotional approach coping have necessary adequateness for discriminant analysis. According to the result of discriminant analysis it was concluded that the most effective factor for making a distinction between participants who are pleasant for their mood and who are not, is self-esteem; and flourishing and emotional approach coping follow it.
Keywords
- Austenfeld, J. L. & Stanton, A. L. (2004). Coping through emotional approach: A new look at emotion, coping, and health-related outcomes. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1335-1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00299.x
- Bartholomew, J. B., Morrison, D., & Ciccolo, J. T. (2005). Effects of acute exercise on mood and well-being in patients with major depressive disorder. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercises, 37(12), 2032-2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000178101.78322.dd
- Brinker, J. K., Campisi, M., Gibbs, L., & Izzard, R. (2013). Rumination, mood and cognitive performance. Psychology, 4(3A), 224-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2013.43A034
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. & Çokluk-Bökeoğlu, Ö. (2008). Discriminant function analysis: Concept and application. Eğitim Araştırmaları, Eurasion Journal of Educational Research, 33, 73-92.
- Christensen, L. (1993). Effects of eating behaviour on mood: A review of the literature. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 14(2), 171-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(199309
- Cimbora, D. M. & McIntosh, D. N. (2005). Understanding the link between moral emotions and behavior. In A. V. Clark (Ed.), Psychology of mood (p.p. 1-27). New York, NY: Nova Science Publications, Inc.
- Costello, A. B. & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment Research & Evaluation, 10(7), 1-9.
- Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik. SPSS ve Lisrel uygulamaları. Ankara: PegemA Akademi.
- Deniz, M. E., Arslan, C, Özyeşil, Z., & İzmirli, M. (2012). Öz-anlayış, yaşam doyumu, negatif ve pozitif duygu: Türk ve diğer ülke ünversite öğrenciler arasında bir karşılaştırma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(23), 428-446.
- Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being. The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
- Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C. R. Synder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (p.p. 63-73). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2009). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology (p.p. 187-194). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., & Oishi, S. (2009). New measures of well-being. Social Indicator Research Series, 39, 247-266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-23544_12
- Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., & Oishi, S. (2010). New well- being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicator Research, 97, 143-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y
- Doğan, T. (2011). Two-dimensional self-esteem: Adaptation of the Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale into Turkish: A validity and reliabilitiy scale. Education and Science, 36(162), 126-137.
- Doğan, T., Totan, T., & Sapmaz, F. (2013). The role of self-esteem, psychological well-being, emotional self- efficacy, and affect balance on happiness: A path model. European Scientific Journal, 9(20), 31-42.
- Dunn, L. K., O’Neill, J. L., & Feldman, S. R. (2011). Acne in adolescents: Quality of life, self-esteem, mood, and psychological disorders. Dermatology Online Journal, 17(1), 1.
- Ekkekakis, P. (2013). The measurement effect, mood, and emotion. A guide for health-behavioral research. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Eroğlu, A. (2008). Ayırma (discriminant) analizi. In Ş. Kalaycı (Ed.), SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri (3th edition). Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
- Field, A. (2006). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. (2nd edition). London: Sage Publications.
- Forgas, J. P. (1995). Mood and judgement: The affect infusion model (AIM). Psychological Bulletin, 117(1), 36- 66. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.39
- Green, S. B. & Salkind, N. J. (2008). Using SPSS for Windows, Analyzing and Understanding Data. (5th edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- Grenville-Cleave, B. (2012). Positive psychology. A practical guide. North Road, London: Icon Books Ltd.
- Grewal, R., Cote, J. A., & Baumgartner, H. (2004). Multicollinearity and measurement error in structural equation models: Implications for theory testing. Marketing Science, 23(4), 519-529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1040.0070
- Jimenez, S., Niles, B. L., & Park, C. L. (2010). A mindfulness model of affect regulation and depressive symptoms: Positive emotions, mood regulation expectancies, and self-acceptance as regulatory mechanisms. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 645-650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.041
- Kandaris, K. (2013). The moderating effect of hope on the relationship between emotional approach coping and flourishing in college students. Unpublished master thesis. DePaul University, College of Education, Chicago, IL.
- Katja, R., Päivi, Å. K., Marja‐Terttu, T., & Pekka, L. (2002). Relationships Among adolescent subjective well‐ being, health behavior, and school satisfaction. Journal of School Health, 72(6), 243-249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2002.tb07337.x
- Kavcıoğlu, F. C. (2011). The role of meta-mood experience on the mood-congruency effect in recognizing emotions from facial expressions. Unpublished doctorate dissertation. Middle East Technical University, School of Social Sciences, Ankara.
- Kelly, J. R. & Barsade, S. G. (2001). Mood and emotions in small groups and work teams. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 86(1), 99-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2974
- Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/00223514.82.6.1007
- Kuzucu, Y. (2006). Duyguları fark etmeye ve ifade etmeye yönelik bir psiko-eğitim programının, üniversite öğrencilerinin duygusal farkındalık düzeylerine, duyguları ifade etme eğilimlerine, psikolojik ve öznel iyi oluşlarına etkisi. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Ankara University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Ankara.
- Leech, N. L., Barrett, K. C., & Morgan, G. A. (2005). SPSS for Intermediate statistics: Use and interpretation (2nd edition). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Ass.
- Linley, P. A. & Joseph, S. (2004). Toward a theoretical foundation for positive psychology in practice. In P. A. Linley & S. Josephy (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (p.p. 713-731). Hoboken; NJ: Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Martyn-Nemeth, P., Penckofer, S., Gulanick, M., Velsor-Friedrich, B., & Bryant, F. B. (2008). The relationships among self-esteem, stress, coping, eating behavior, and depressive mood in adolescents. Research in Nursing & Health, 32(1), 96-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nur.20304
- Mayer, J. D., & Gaschke, Y. N. (1988). The experience and meta-experience of mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 102-111.
- Neff, K. D. (2011). Self-compassion, self-esteem, and well-being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00330.x
- Neff, K. D., & Vonk, R. (2009). Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: Two different ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 77, 23–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00537.x
- Pavot, W. & Diener, E. (2004). Findings on subjective well-being: Applications to public policy, clinical interventions, and education. In P. A. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (p.p. 679692). Hoboken; New Jersey: Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Rask, K., Åstedt‐Kurki, P., & Laippala, P. (2002). Adolescent subjective well‐being and realized values. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 38(3), 254-263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02175.x
- Robinson, M. D. & Barrett, L. F. (2010). Belief and feeling in self-reports of emotion: evidence for semantic infusion based on self-esteem. Self and Identity, 9(1), 87-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298860902728274
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
- Ryff, C. D. & Singer, B. (2002). From social structure to biology. Integrative science in pursuit of human health and well-being. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (p.p. 541555). New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.
- Ryff, C. D. & Singer, B. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-0069019-0
- Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th edition). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Tafarodi, R. W. & Swan, W. B. (2001). Two-dimensional self-esteem: Theory and measurement. Personality and Individiual Differences, 31, 653-673.
- Telef, B. B. (2011). Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği (PİOÖ): Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. XI. Ulusal psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik kongresi. Psikolojik danışmanlığın rotası yeniden. 35.Ekim.2011 Efe Sürmeli Otel Selçuk, İzmir. (p.p. 312-313).
- Smithson, M. J. (2003). Confidence intervals. Belmont, CA: Sage.
- Stanton, A. L., Kirk, S. B., Cameron, C. L., & Danoff-Burg, S. (2000). Coping through emotional approach: Scale construction and validation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 1150–1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.6.1150
- Şenol-Durak, E. & Durak, M. (2011). Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Emotional Approach Coping Scale in Turkish university students and community members. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 33(2), 264-272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-011-9223-z
- Totan, T., Doğan, T., & Sapmaz, F. (2013). Emotional self-efficacy, emotional empathy and emotional approach coping as sources of happiness. Cypriot Journal Educational Sciences, 8(2), 247-256.
- Watson, D. (2000). Mood and temperament. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
- Watson, D. & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 219-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.219
- Whitley, B. E. & Kite, M. E. (2013). Principles of research in behavioral science. (3th edition). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group.
- Yurdugül, H. (2006). Paralel, eşdeğer ve konjenerik ölçmelerde güvenirlik katsayılarının karşılaştırılması. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(1), 15-37.