Self-Compassion as a Predictor of Proactivity (Pages: 103-111)

Author :  

Year-Number: 2014-Volume 6, Issue 1
Language : null
Konu : null

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the predictive role of self-compassion on proactivity. Participants were 285 university students (153 women, 132 men; M age= 20.9 yr.). In this study, the Self-compassion Scale and the revised Proactivity Scale were used. The relationships between self-compassion and proactivity were examined using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. In correlation analysis, self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness factors of self-compassion were found positively and self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification factors of self-compassion were found negatively related to proactivity. According to regression results, proactivity was predicted negatively by over-identification and isolation. Further self-kindness and mindfulness predicted proactivity in a positive way. Self-compassion has explained 30% of the variance in proactivity. The results were discussed in the light of the related literature and dependent recommendations to the area were given.

Keywords

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the predictive role of self-compassion on proactivity. Participants were 285 university students (153 women, 132 men; M age= 20.9 yr.). In this study, the Self-compassion Scale and the revised Proactivity Scale were used. The relationships between self-compassion and proactivity were examined using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. In correlation analysis, self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness factors of self-compassion were found positively and self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification factors of self-compassion were found negatively related to proactivity. According to regression results, proactivity was predicted negatively by over-identification and isolation. Further self-kindness and mindfulness predicted proactivity in a positive way. Self-compassion has explained 30% of the variance in proactivity. The results were discussed in the light of the related literature and dependent recommendations to the area were given.

Keywords


  • Akın, A. (2008a). Scales of psychological well-being: A study of validity and reliability. Educational Science: Theory & Practice, 8(3), 721-750.

  • Akın, A. (2008b). Self-compassion and achievement goals: A structural equation modeling approach. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 31, 1–15.

  • Akın, A. (2009). Self-compassion and submissive behavior. Education and Science, 34(152), 138-147.

  • Akın, A. (2010a). Self-compassion and interpersonal cognitive distortions. Hacettepe Universitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39, 1-9.

  • Akın, A. (2010b). Self-compassion and loneliness. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences (IOJES), 2(3), 702-718.

  • Akın, A. (2012). Self-compassion and automatic thoughts. Hacettepe Universitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(1), 1-10.

  • Akın, A., Abacı, R., Kaya, M., & Arıcı, N. (2011, June). Kısaltılmış Proaktif Kişilik Ölçeği’nin (KPÖ) Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Paper presented at the ICES11 International Conference on Educational Sciences, June, 22-25, Famagusta, Cyprus.

  • Akın, A., & Eroglu, Y. (2013). Self-compassion and relational-interdependent self-construal. Studia Psychologica, 55(2), 111-121.

  • Akın, Ü., Akın, A., & Abacı, R. (2007). Öz-duyarlık Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 1–10.

  • Akın, A., Kayış, A. R., & Satıcı, S. A. (2011). Self-compassion and social support. Paper presented at the International Conference on New Trends in Education and their Implications (ICONTE-2011), April, 27-29, Antalya, Turkey.

  • Ashford, S. J., & Black, J. S. (1996). Proactivity during organizational entry: The role of desire for control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 199-211.

  • Baker, L., & McNulty, J. K. (2011). Self-compassion and relationship maintenance: The moderating roles of conscientiousness and gender. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 853-873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021884.

  • Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 103–118.

  • Bonner, H. (1967).The proactive personality. In J. F. T. Bugental (Ed.), Challenges of humanistic psychology (pp. 61-66). New York: McGraw-Hill.

  • Brown, D. J., Cober, R. T., Kane, K., Levy, P. E., & Shalhoop, J. (2006). Proactive personality and the successful job search: A field investigation with college graduates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 717-726.

  • Campbell, D.J. (2000). The proactive employee: Managing workplace initiative. Academy of Management Executive, 14, 52-66.

  • Caprara, G. V., & Cervone, D. (2003). A conception of personality for a psychology of human strengths: Personality as an agentic, self regulating system, In L.G. Aspinwall & U.M. Staudinger, (Ed), A psychology of human strengths: Fundamental questions and future directions for a positive psychology. (pp. 6174). Washington: D.C: American Psychological Association.

  • Covey, S. (1998). The 7 habits of highly effective teens: The ultimate teenage success guide. New York: Simon & Schuster.

  • Crant, J. M. (1995). The proactive personality scale and objective job performance among real estate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 532-537.

  • Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive behavior in organization. Journal of Management, 26, 3, 435–462.

  • Crant, J. M., & Bateman, T. S. (2000). Charismatic leadership viewed from above: The impact of proactive personality. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 63-75.

  • Friedman, T. L. (2005). The world is flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century. New York: Picador.

  • Fuller, J. B., & Hester, K. (2010). Proactive personality and job performance: Exploring job autonomy as a moderator. Journal of Managerial Issues, 22(1), 35-51.

  • Gerhardt, M., Ashenbaum, B., & Newman, W. R. (2003). Understanding the impact of proactive personality on job performance. The roles of tenure and self-management. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 16, 1, 61-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548051809334192.

  • Gilbert, P. (2005). Social mentalities: A biopsychosocial and evolutionary reflection on social relationships. In M. W. Baldwin (Ed.), Interpersonal cognition (pp. 299-335). New York: Guilford.

  • Grant, A., & Ashford, S. J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. In B. M. Staw & R. I. Sutton (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 28, pp. 3-3-i). London: Jai Press.

  • Griffin, M. A., Neal, A., & Parker, S. K. (2007). A new model of work role performance: positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 327–347.

  • Gunaratana, V. H. (1993). Sati. In mindfulness in plain English. Somerville, MA: Wisdom Publications.

  • İskender, M., & Akın, A. (2010). Social self-efficacy, academic locus of control, and internet addiction. Computers & Education, 54(4), 1101-1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.10.014.

  • Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Wanberg, C. R. (2003). Unwrapping the organizational entry process: disentangling multiple antecedents and their pathways to adjustment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 5, 779-784.

  • Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Allen, A. B., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 887–904. http://dx.doi.org/0.1037/0022-3514.92.5.887.

  • Lutz, A., Greischar, L. L., Rawlings, N. B., Ricard, M., & Davidson, R. J. (2004). Long-term meditators self- induce high-amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101, 16369–16373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0407401101.

  • Martin, J. R. (1997). Mindfulness: A proposed common factor. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 7, 291–312.

  • Morrison, E. W., & Phelps, C. C. (1999). Taking charge at work: Extra-role efforts to initiate workplace change. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 403–419.

  • Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032.

  • Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223250. http://dx.doi.org/0.1080/15298860390209035.

  • Neff, K. D. (2009). Self-compassion. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.). Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 561-573). Guilford Press.

  • Neff, K. D., Hsieh, Y., & Dejitterat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity, 4, 263287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000317.

  • Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 139–154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004.

  • Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S., & Kirkpatrick, K. L. (2007). An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 908–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.08.002.

  • Neff, K. D. & Vonk, R. (2009). Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: Two different ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality 77, 23-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00537.

  • Nisker, W. (1998). Mindfulness: The opposable thumb of consciousness (Chapter 3). In Buddha's nature: A practical guide to discovering your place in the cosmos (pp. 2630). New York: Bantam Books.

  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 569–582.

  • Rosenberg, L. (1999). Breathing with the body (Chapter 1). In Breath by breath: The liberating practice of insight meditation (pp. 10-39). Boston: Shambala.

  • Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A re-evaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063–1078.

  • Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Crant, M. (2001). What does proactive personality do? A longitudinal model linking proactive personality and career success. Personal Psychology, 54, 845-874.

  • Shi, J., Chen, Z., & Zhou, L. (2011). Testing differential mediation effects of sub-dimensions of political skills in linking proactive personality to employee performance. Journal of Business Psychology, 26, 359–369.

  • Sohl, S. J., & Mover, A. (2009). Refining the conceptualization of an important future-oriented self-regulatory behavior: Proactive coping. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(2), 139–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.013

  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

  • Tummers, L. G., Kruyen, P. M., Vijverberg, D., & Voesenek, T. (2013). Connecting HRM and change management: How HR practices can stimulate change readiness. Paper presented at the EGPA Conference, 11-13 September, Edinburgh.

  • Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Botero, I.C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40, 1359-1392.

  • Werner, K. H., Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Self-compassion and social anxiety disorder. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 25(5), 543-558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2011.608842.

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  • Article Statistics