A Study on Computational-Thinking and High School Students’ Computational-Thinking Skill Levels

Author :  

Year-Number: 2018-Volume 10, Issue 2
Language : null
Konu :
Number of pages: 81-96
Mendeley EndNote Alıntı Yap

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Computational-thinking can be defined as a way of understanding the problem solving, system designing and human behaviour as well through the concepts of basic computer science. In today’s information age, computational-thinking skills are expected to exist among the commonly-used basic skills such as reading, writing, logics and mathematics. The main aim of the study, within this context, is to emphasize the significance of computational-thinking and examine the computational-thinking skills of High School students with regard to the variables of High School types, class levels and gender. The sample of the research, designed in accordance with descriptive survey model, consisted of 445 students in total from three different High Schools within 2016-2017 School-Year Fall Term. Computational-thinking skill scale was utilized to collect the data. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were conducted in statistical calculations. The results of the study indicate that High School students consider themselves sufficient at a medium-level regarding their computational-thinking skills. The results also suggest that the computational-thinking levels of the students display meaningful difference with respect to the type of the High School they attend. However, no meaningful relation is found to be existing between the computational-thinking skills of the students and the class-level or gender variables.

Keywords


  • Aldağ, H., & Tekdal, M. (2015). Bilgisayar kullanımı ve programlama öğretiminde cinsiyet farklılıkları. Proceeding of 1.Uluslararası Çukurova Kadın Çalışmaları Kongresi (pp.236-243). Adana, Türkiye.

  • Alper, A., & Deryakulu. (2008). The Effect of Cognitive Flexibility on Students’ Achievement and Attitudes in Web Mediated Problem Based Learning. Eğitim ve Bilim, 33(148), 49–63.

  • Ater-Kranov, A., Bryant, R., Orr, G., Wallace, S., & Zhang, M. (2010). Developing a community definition and teaching modules for computational thinking: Accomplishments and challenges. Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Information technology education (pp. 143-148).

  • Barr, D., Harrison, J., & Conery, L. (2011). Computational thinking: A digital age skill for everyone. [Çevrim-iç: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ918910.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 15.10.2015]

  • Barut, E., Tuğtekin, U., & Kuzu, A. (2016). Robot uygulamalar ile bilgi işlemsel düşünme becerilerine bakış. 3rd International Conference on New Trend in Education (ICNTE 2016). Seferihisar, İzmir, Türkiye.

  • Bundy, A. (2007). Computational thinking is pervasive. [Çevrim-içi: http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/publications/online/1245.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 05.05.2017]

  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2010). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Pegem-A Yayınları. Ankara.

  • Chen, G., Shen, J., Barth-cohen, L., Jiang, S., Huang, X., & Eltoukhy, M. (2017). Assessing elementary students’ computational thinking in everyday reasoning and robotics programming. Computers & Education, 109, 162–175. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.03.001

  • Code.org. (2017). Kodlama Saati (Hour of Code). [Çevrim-içi: https://hourofcode.com/tr/gb, Erişim tarihi: 03.02.2017.]

  • Cooper, S., Dann, W., & Pausch, R. (2000). Developing algorithmic thinking with Alice. In Proceedings of ISECON Vol. 17, 506-539.

  • Craft, A. (2003). Creative thinking in theearlyyears of education. Early Years, 23(2),143-154.

  • Curzon, P. (2015). Computational thinking: Searching to speak. [Çevrim-içi: http://teachinglondoncomputing.org/free-workshops/computational-thinking-searching-to-speak/, Erişim Tarihi: 05.05.2017]

  • Czerkawski, B. C., & Lyman III, E. W. (2015). Exploring issues about computational thinking in higher education. TechTrends, 59(2), 57-65.doi:10.1007/s11528-015-0840-3.

  • Demir, Ö., & Seferoğlu, S. S. (2017). Yeni Kavramlar, Farklı Kullanımlar: Bilgi-İşlemsel Düşünmeyle İlgili Bir Değerlendirme. Eğitim Teknolojileri Okumaları, 41(August), 468–483.

  • Doğan, D., Çınar, M., Bilgiç, H. G., & Tüzün, H. (2015). Sarmal eğitsel oyun tasarımı modeline göre dijital oyun geliştirme süreci: E-adventure örneği. Proceedings of International Play and Toy Congress (pp. 442-452). Erzurum, Ankara, Türkiye.

  • Gülbahar, Y., Kalelioğlu, F., & Doğan, D. (2015). Bilge kunduz uluslararası enformatik ve bilgi işlemsel düşünme etkinliği: 2015 yılı uygulama raporu. [Çevrim-içi: http://www.bilgekunduz.org/wpcontent/uploads/2016/01/bilgekunduz-rapor-2015.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 05.05.2017]

  • Halpern, D.F. (1989). Thought and knowledge: An introduction to critical thinking. Routledge.

  • ISTE (2015a). Computational thinking leadership toolkit (First Edition). [Çevrim-içi: https://www.iste.org/explore/articleDetail?articleid=152&category=Solutions&article=Computational- thinking-for-all, Erişim tarihi: 01.07.2017.]

  • ISTE. (2015b). CT leadership toolkit. [Çevrimiçi: https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.csteachers.org/resource/ resmgr/ 471.11CTLeadershiptToolkit-S.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2017]

  • ISTE (2016). ISTE standards for students. [Çevrim-içi: https://www.iste.org/standards/standards/for-students- 2016, Erişim tarihi: 01.07.2017.]

  • ISTE (2011). Computational thinking: Teacher resources (2. edition) (Grant No: CNS-1030054). [Çİ: thinking-for-all, Erişim tarihi: 13.06.2017]

  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2009). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. ANKARA: Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.

  • Karasar, N. (2009). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi: Kavramlar, İlkeler ve Teknikler. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.Ankara.

  • Kazimoglu, C., Kiernan, M., Bacon, L., & MacKinnon, L. (2012). Learning programming at the computational thinking level via digital game-play. Procedia Computer Science, 9, 522-531. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2012.04.056.

  • Korkmaz, Ö., Çakır, R., & Özden, M. Y. (2015). Bilgisayarca Düşünme Beceri Düzeyleri Ölçeğinin (BDBD) Ortaokul Düzeyine Uyarlanması. Gazi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 143–162.

  • Korkmaz, Ö., Çakır, R., Özden, M. Y., Oluk, A., & Sarıoğlu, S. (2015). Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Bireylerin Bilgisayarca Düşünme Becerilerinin Farklı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(2), 68–87.

  • Korkmaz, Ö., Çakir, R., & Özden, M. Y. (2017). A validity and reliability study of the computational thinking scales (CTS). Computers and Education, 72, 558–569. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.005

  • Lu, J. J., & Fletcher, G. H. L. (2009). Thinking about computational thinking. ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education Conference (SIGCSE 2009). Chattanooga, TN, USA: ACM Press.

  • Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological review, 63(2), 81.

  • Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human problem solving (Vol. 104, No. 9). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

  • Özden, M. Y. (2015). Computational thinking = Bilgisayarca düşünme becerileri? [Çevrim-içi: http://myozden.blogspot.com.tr/2015/06/computational-thinking-bilgisayarca.html, Erişim Tarihi: 05.05.2017.

  • Özkeş, B. (2016). Bilişimsel düşünme temelli ders etkinliklerinin öğrencilerin eleştirel düşünme becerileri ve problem çözme becerilerine yönelik algıları üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Mevlana üniversitesi, Konya.

  • Roman-Gonzalez, M., Perez-Gonzalez, J.-C., & Jimenez-Fernandez, C. (2017). Which cognitive abilities underlie computational thinking? Criterion validity of the Computational Thinking Test. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 678–691. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.047

  • Serrano-Cámara, L. M., Paredes-Velasco, M., Alcover, C. M., & Velazquez-Iturbide, J. Á. (2014). An evaluation of students’ motivation in computer-supported collaborative learning of programming concepts. Computers in Human Behavior, 31(1), 499–508. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.030

  • Stein, C., & Nickerson, K. (2004). Botball robotics and gender differences in middle school teams. In Proceedings American society for engineering education annual conference. http://dpm.kipr.org/papers/asee04-gender.pdf.

  • Şahiner, A., & Kert, S. B. (2016). Komputasyonel Düşünme Kavramı ile İlgili 2006-2015 Yılları Arasındaki Çalışmaların İncelenmesi. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 5(9), 38–43.

  • T.C. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Ortaöğretim Genel Müdürlüğü (MEB) (2016). Bilgisayar bilimi dersi öğretim programı kur 1 – kur 2. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Ankara.

  • Veenman, S., Benthum, N., Bootsma, D., Dieren, J., & Kemp, N. (2002). Cooperative learning and teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 18, 87-103.

  • Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3), 33-35.

  • Wing, J. M. (2008). Computational thinking and thinking about computing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 366, 3717-3725.

  • Wing, J. M. (2011). Research notebook: Computational thinking—What and why? The Link Magazine, Spring.

  • Wing, J. M. (2016). Computational thinking. 10 Years later. Microsoft Research Blog. [Çevrim-içi: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/computational-thinking-10-years-later/, Erişim tarihi: 24.07.2017].

  • Yildiz, H., & Saritepeci, M. (2018). Analysis of the relation between computational thinking skills and various variables with the structural equation model. Computers & Education, 116, 191–202. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.09.004.

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  • Article Statistics