Prosocial Behaviors of Students Attending Pre-School Education Institutions

Author :  

Year-Number: 2022-Volume 14, Issue 1
Yayımlanma Tarihi: 2022-02-18 21:43:11.0
Language : Turkish
Konu : Basic Education
Number of pages: 112-124
Mendeley EndNote Alıntı Yap

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

This study aims to investigate prosocial behavior of students attending pre-school education institutions. Survey research was used in the study. The sample of the research included 325 children attending five different pre-school education institutions in the 2020-2021 academic year. The participants were determined with the convenience sampling type of purposive sampling method. The data on the prosocial behavior levels of the students attending pre-school education institutions were collected by using the “Child Prosociality Scale” Mother Form. The data were analyzed with package program. The research findings revealed that students prosocial behavior attending pre-school education institutions prosocial behavior levels were high and  students prosocial behavior don’t significantly differ in terms of  gender and age variables. According to the duration of attending a pre-school education institution variable, the prosocial behavior mean scores of students who attended a pre-school education institution for 3 years were found higher than scores of those who attended a pre-school education institution for 1 year. It was revealed that the mother’s age and education level did not differ significantly prosocial behavior of the children.

Keywords

Kaynakça

  • Altay, F. B., & Gure, A. (2012). Relationship among the parenting styles and the social competence and prosocial behaviors of the children who are attending to state and private preschools. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 12(4), 2712-2718. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1002872
  • Bağcı, B. (2015). The study on the validity and the reliability of the child and adult prosocialness scale and the examination of the relationship between prosocial behaviors of the children and of their parents (Master Thesis). Adnan Menderes University, Aydın.
  • Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 1-26. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
  • Baran, G. (2005). A study on social behaviors and family environment of four-five years old children. Contemporary Education Journal, 30(321), 9-16. https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/makale/ TkRRNE5qTXo=/dort-bes-yas-cocuklarinin-sosyal-davranislarinin-ve-aile-ortamlarinin-incelenmesi
  • Behrman, J. R., Cheng, Y., & Todd, P. E. (2004). Evaluating preschool programs when length of exposure to the program varies: A nonparametric approach. Review of Economics and Statistics, 86(1), 108-132. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465304323023714
  • Bouchard, C., Coutu, S., Bigras, N., Lemay, L., Cantin, G., Bouchard, M. C., & Duval, S. (2015). Perceived, expressed and observed prosociality among four-year-old girls and boys in childcare centres. Early Child Development and Care, 185(1), 44-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2014.903940
  • Brazzelli, E., Grazzani, I., & Pepe, A. (2021). Promoting prosocial behavior in toddlerhood: A conversation- based intervention at nursery. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 204, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105056
  • Brownell, C. A., & Early Social Development Research Lab. (2016). Prosocial behavior in infancy: The role of socialization. Child Development Perspectives, 10(4), 222-227. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12189
  • Brownell, C. A. (2013). Early development of prosocial behavior: Current perspectives. Infancy, 18(1), 1-9.
  • Burchinal, M. (2018). Measuring early care and education quality. Child Development Perspectives, 12(1), 3-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12260
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çokluk, Ö., & Köklü, N. (2015). Statistics for social sciences. Ankara: Pegem Academy.
  • Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Pastorelli, C., Bandura, A., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2000). Prosocial foundations of children's academic achievement. Psychological Science, 11(4), 302-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467
  • Conte, E., Grazzani, I., & Pepe, A. (2018). Social cognition, language, and prosocial behaviors: a multitrait mixed-methods study in early childhood. Early Education and Development, 29(6), 814-830. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2018.1475820
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Boston: Pearson.
  • Çetin, B. B., & Samur, A. Ö. (2018). The examination of the relationship between prosocial behaviors of the children between 60 and 72 months old and of their parents. Erzincan University Journal of Education Faculty, 20(1), 1-17. Doi:10.17556/erziefd.286651
  • Çubukcu, A. (2019). The investigation of the relation between prosocial behaviours of the children age 48-72 month with their mothers prosocial behaviours and parental attitudes (Master Thesis), Uludağ University, Bursa.
  • Daniel, E., Madigan, S., & Jenkins, J. (2016). Paternal and maternal warmth and the development of prosociality among preschoolers. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(1), 114. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/ 2015-39017
  • DiCarlo, C. F., Ota, C., & Deris, A. (2020). An ecobehavioral analysis of social behavior across learning contexts in kindergarten. Early Childhood Education Journal, 49, 657-668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-020-01103y
  • Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1990). Empathy: Conceptualization, measurement, and relation to prosocial behavior. Motivation and Emotion, 14(2), 131-149. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00991640
  • Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1998). Prosocial development. In W. Damon (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, (pp. 701-778). New York: Wiley.
  • Eisenberg, N., Eggum-Wilkens, N. D., & Spinrad, T. L. (2015). The development of prosocial behavior. In D. A. Schroeder ve W. G. Graziano (Eds.), Oxford library of psychology. The Oxford handbook of prosocial behavior (p. 114–136). Oxford University Press.
  • Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Spinrad, T. L. (2006). Prosocial development. In N. Eisenberg, W. Damon, ve R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development (pp. 646– 718). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T.L., & Knafo-Noam A. (2015). Prosocial development. In M.E. Lamb, C.G. Coll (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science. New York: Wiley.
  • Ekici-Yaşar, F. (2015). Investigating the relationship between social skills and family characteristics of the children that attending pre-school education. The Black Sea Journal of Social Sciences, 7, 223-259. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ksbd/issue/16219/169878
  • Eminoğlu, B. (2007). Investigation of the relationship between social behavior of 4-5-year-old children and parental behaviors (Master Thesis). Gazi University, Ankara.
  • Flook, L., Goldberg, S. B., Pinger, L., & Davidson, R. J. (2015). Promoting prosocial behavior and self-regulatory skills in preschool children through a mindfulness-based kindness curriculum. Developmental Psychology, 51(1), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038256
  • Frith, C. D. (2012). The role of metacognition in human social interactions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367, 2213-2223. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0123
  • George, D., & Mallery, F. (2001). SPSS for Windows. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Gross, J. T., Stern, J. A., Brett, B. E., & Cassidy, J. (2017). The multifaceted nature of prosocial behavior in children: Links with attachment theory and research. Social Development, 26(4), 661-678. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12242
  • Hastings, P. D., Miller, J. G., & Troxel, N. R. (2015). Making good: The socialization of children's prosocial development. In J. E. Grusec ve P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (p. 637– 660). The Guilford Press.
  • Hay, D. F. (1994). Prosocial development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(1), 29-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01132.x
  • Hepach, R., Vaish, A., & Tomasello, M. (2013). A new look at children’s prosocial motivation. Infancy, 18(1), 67-90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2012.00130.x
  • Hoffman, M. L. (2001). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. Cambridge University Press.
  • Imuta, K., Henry, J. D., Slaughter, V., Selcuk, B., & Ruffman, T. (2016). Theory of mind and prosocial behavior in childhood: A meta-analytic review. Developmental Psychology, 52(8), 11921205. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000140
  • Karaman, N. N., & Dinçer, Ç. (2020). An analysis of several variables that affect preschool children’s prosocial behavior. Journal of Early Childhood Studies, 4(3), 639-664. https://doi.org/10.24130/eccdjecs.1967202043236
  • Knafo, A., & Plomin, R. (2006). Prosocial behavior from early to middle childhood: genetic and environmental influences on stability and change. Developmental Psychology, 42(5), 771. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2006-11399-002
  • Knafo, A., Zahn-Waxler, C., Van Hulle, C., Robinson, J. L., & Rhee, S. H. (2008). The developmental origins of a disposition toward empathy: Genetic and environmental contributions. Emotion, 8(6), 737-752. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014179
  • Kruse, E., Faller, I., & Read, K. (2021). Can reading personalized storybooks to children increase their prosocial behavior? Early Childhood Education Journal, 49(2), 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-020-01069-x
  • Leahy, R. L. (1979). Development of conceptions of prosocial behavior: Information affecting rewards given for altruism and kindness. Developmental Psychology, 15(1), 34-37. https://doi.org/10.1037/00121649.15.1.34
  • Liman, B. (2020). Investigation of social competence and behavior conditions of 60-72 months of children according to some varables. Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gökalp Faculty of Education, 1(37), 8-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14582/DUZGEF.2020.136
  • Mağden, D., & Aslan, D. (2005). Enhancing five six years old preschool children's prosocial behaviors by using picture books. Journal of Child Development and Education, 2(1-2), 36-45. https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/publication/paper/detail/TmprME16UTA
  • Mashburn, A. J., Pianta, R. C., Hamre, B. K., Downer, J. T., Barbarin, O. A., Bryant, D., ... & Howes, C. (2008). Measures of classroom quality in prekindergarten and children’s development of academic, language, and social skills. Child Development, 79(3), 732-749. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01154.x
  • O'Toole, S. E., Monks, C. P., & Tsermentseli, S. (2017). Executive function and theory of mind as predictors of aggressive and prosocial behavior and peer acceptance in early childhood. Social Development, 26(4), 907-920. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12231
  • Öztürker, B. (2014). Examining the relationship between 6-year-old children's positive social behavior and mother and teacher altruism (Master Thesis). Maltepe University, İstanbul.
  • Pastorelli, C., Lansford, J. E., Luengo Kanacri, B. P., Malone, P. S., Di Giunta, L., Bacchini, D., ... & Sorbring, E. (2016). Positive parenting and children's prosocial behavior in eight countries. Journal of child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57(7), 824-834. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12477
  • Paulus, M. (2014). The emergence of prosocial behavior: Why do infants and toddlers help, comfort, and share? Child Development Perspectives, 8(2), 77-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12066
  • Paulus, M., Becker, E., Scheub, A., & König, L. (2016). Preschool children’s attachment security is associated with their sharing with others. Attachment & Human Development, 18(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/ 14616734.2015.1100208
  • Penner, L. A., & Finkelstein, M. A. (1998). Dispositional and structural determinants of volunteerism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(2), 525-537. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.2.525
  • Raposa, E. B., Laws, H. B., & Ansell, E. B. (2016). Prosocial behavior mitigates the negative effects of stress in everyday life. Clinical Psychological Science, 4(4), 691-698. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702615611073
  • Schachner, A. C., Newton, E. K., Thompson, R. A., & Goodman-Wilson, M. (2018). Becoming prosocial: The consistency of individual differences in early prosocial behavior. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 43, 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.01.001
  • Scourfield, J., John, B., Martin, N., & McGuffin, P. (2004). The development of prosocial behaviour in children and adolescents: A twin study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(5), 927-935. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00286.x
  • Smith, D. W. (2001). Developmental milestones in children. Current Therapeutics, 42(7), 61-65. https://search.informit.org/doi/epdf/10.3316/informit.528363200801674
  • Tian, L., Zhang, X., & Huebner, E. S. (2018). The effects of satisfaction of basic psychological needs at school on children’s prosocial behavior and antisocial behavior: The mediating role of school satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 548. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00548
  • Trawick-Smith, J. (2014). Early childhood development (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Tur-Porcar, A. M., Doménech, A., & Mestre, V. (2018). Family linkages and social inclusion. Predictors of prosocial behavior in childhood. Anales de Psicología, 34(2), 340-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ analesps.34.2.308151
  • Türkmen, S. (2018). The relationship between intelligence domains and prosocial behaviors of 48-60 month-old children receiving pre-school education (PhD Thesis). Kastamonu University, Kastamonu.
  • Villardón-Gallego, L., García-Carrión, R., Yáñez-Marquina, L., & Estévez, A. (2018). Impact of the interactive learning environments in children’s prosocial behavior. Sustainability, 10(7), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072138
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Qualitative research methods in the social sciences. Ankara: Seçkin Publications.
  • Zembat, R.(2005). Qualification in pre-school education. Daily topics. İstanbul: Morpa Kültür Publications.
  • Zhu, Y., Guan, X., & Li, Y. (2015). The effects of intergroup competition on prosocial behaviors in young children: a comparison of 2.5–3.5 year-olds with 5.5–6.5 year-olds. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9 (16), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00016
MAKALE İSTATİSTİKLERİ

                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        



                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                      
                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
LINKS

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  • 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
     Last issue
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    • 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  • 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
         Previous issues
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    • 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  • 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    Article Statistics
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    • 

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                        




                                                                                                                                                                                                        


                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        



                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
Share