Teachers’ Opinions on Students’ Learning Losses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study

Author :  

Year-Number: 2022-Volume 14, Issue 3
Yayımlanma Tarihi: 2022-07-25 12:22:28.0
Language : English
Konu : Educational Sciences
Number of pages: 857-876
Mendeley EndNote Alıntı Yap

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the learning losses experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic based on teachers’ opinions. For this purpose, a case study, one of the qualitative research methods, was carried out. Opinions of 35 teachers working at different school levels were gathered. The subjects were interviewed using a semi-structured interview form. The interviews were conducted online due to the restrictions of Covid-19. The data were measured by content analysis, and it was indicated that distance education was less effective. It was also revealed that there are some reasons for learning loss stemming from family, students, teachers, educational system and school administrators. The teachers reported that students generally suffered from learning losses in all courses. The teachers emphasized that Web 2.0 tools should be used, internet access should be provided, equipment support should be provided, infrastructure problems should be eliminated, fun activities should be added and materials should be used in order to prevent learning losses in the distance education process. Finally, the teachers suggested that extra courses should be given, summer recovery programs should be offered, the subjects should be reviewed, the lesson periods should be longer, and lessons should be taught effectively in order to eliminate learning losses.

Keywords

Kaynakça

  • Akdağ, M., Yılmaz, B. Ş., Özhan, U., & Şan, İ. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinin internet bağımlılıklarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (İnönü Üniversitesi Örneği) [Examining internet addiction of university students in terms of various variables (Inonu University Example)]. Journal of Inonu University Faculty of Education, 15(1), 73-96.
  • Alexander, K. L., Entwisle, D. R., & Olson, L. S. (2007). Summer learning and its implications: Insights from the beginning school study. New Directions for Youth Development, 114, 11-32.
  • Amorim, V., Piza, C., & Lautharte Junior, I. J. (2020). The Effect of the H1N1 Pandemic on Learning. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33997
  • Angrist, N., de Barros, A., Bhula, R., Chakera, S., Cummiskey, C., DeStefano, J., Floretta, J., Kaffenberger, M., Piper, B., Stern, J., 2021. Building back better to avert a learning catastrophe: estimating learning loss from COVID-19 school shutdowns in Africa and facilitating short-term and long-term learning recovery. International Journal of Educational Development, 84, 102397.
  • Arat, T. & Bakan, Ö. (2011). Distance education and applications. Journal of Selcuk University Vocational School of Social Sciences, 14(1–2), 363–374.
  • Arı, A. (2005). İlköğretim Okulu Öğrencilerinin Yaz Tatilindeki Öğrenme Kayıpları [Learning Losses of Primary School Students During Summer Vacation]. PhD thesis. Gazi University, Ankara.
  • Atteberry, A., & McEachin, A. (2016). School’s out: Summer learning loss across grade levels and school contexts in the United States today. In Alexander, K., Pitcock, S., ve Boulay, M. (Eds). Summer learning and summer learning loss, pp35-54. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Baz, B. (2021). An Evaluation on Possible Learning Losses of Students During The COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Basic Education, 3(1), 6-19.
  • Blazer, C. (2011). Summer learning loss: Why its effect is strongest among low-income students and how it can be combated. Research Services. Miami-Dade County Public Schools.
  • Booth, C., Villadsen, A., Goodman, A., & Fitzsimons, E. (2021). Parental perceptions of learning loss during covid-19 school closures in 2020. British Journal of Educational Studies, 69(6), 657-673.
  • Borman, G. D., Benson, J. ve Overman, L. T. (2005). Families, schools and summer learning. The Elementary School Journal, 106(2), 131-150.
  • Burgess, S., & Sievertsen, H. H., (2020). Schools, skills, and learning: The impact of COVID-19 on education. Retrieved from https://voxeu.org/article/impact-covid-19-education
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2020). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (28.Baskı) [Scientific research methods (28th Edition)]. Ankara: Pegem Academy.
  • Chetty, R., Friedman, J. N., Hendren, N., & Stepner, M. (2020). Real-time economics: A new platform to track the impacts of COVID-19 on people, businesses, and communities using private sector data. NBER Working Paper, 27431.
  • Cooper, H. (2003). Summer Learning Loss: The Problem and Some Solutions. ERIC Digest. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED475391.pdf
  • Cooper, H., Nye, B., Charlton, K., Lindsay, J., & Greathouse, S. (1996). The effects of summer vacation on achievement test scores: A narrative and meta-analytic review. Review of Educational Research, 66(3), 227– 268. doi:10.3102/00346543066003227.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Çaykuş, E.T. & Mutlu Çaykuş, T. (2020). Ways to promote children’ resiliency to the Covid-19 pandemic suggestions for families, teachers and mental health specialists. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics (EJRSE), 7(5), 95-113.
  • Çelik, Z. (2020, Ağustos). Covid-19 salgınının gölgesinde eğitim: Riskler ve öneriler. [Education in the shadow of the Covid-19 pandemic: Risks and recommendations]. Eğitim-Bir-Sen Center for Strategic Studies. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343787640_Covid_19_salgininin_golgesinde_egitim_Riskler _ve_oneriler
  • Di Pietro, G., Biagi, F., Costa, P., Karpinski, Z. & Mazza, J. The Likely Impact of COVID-19 on Education: Reflections Based on the Existing Literature and Recent International Datasets; Publications Office of the European Union: Luxembourg, 2020.
  • Donnelly, R., & Patrinos, H. A. (2021). Learning loss during COVID-19: An early systematic review. Prospects, 1-9.
  • Dorn, E., Hancock, B., Sarakatsannis, J., & Viruleg E. (2020). COVID-19 and student learning in the United States: The hurt could last a lifetime. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-andsocial-sector/our-insights/covid-19-and-student-learning-in-the-united-states-the-hurt-could-last-alifetime#:~:text= All% 20told%2C%20we%20estimate%20that,%2D19%E2%80%93related%20learning%20losses
  • Durak, G. (2017). Uzaktan eğitimde destek hizmetlerine genel bakış: sorunlar ve eğilimler [Overview of support services in distance education: problems and trends.]. Journal of Open Education Practices and Research, 3(4), 160-173.
  • Elleseff, T. (2018). Tips on reducing ‘summer learning loss’ in children with language/literacy disorders. Smart Speech Therapy, 1-2.
  • Erol, H. (2006). İlköğretim 6. sınıf sosyal bilgiler dersinde demokratik hayat ünitesinin hedefleri ve bu hedeflerin gerçekleşme düzeyi [Objectives of democratic life unit in social studies lesson at the 6th grade of elemantary education and the level of attaining these objectives]. Unpublished master’s thesis. Kocatepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences: Afyon.
  • Fore, H. (2021). Los ni ̃nos y ni ̃nas no pueden permitirse otro a ̃no sin escuela. UNICEF. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/lac/comunicados-prensa/los-ni%C3%B1os-y-ni%C3%B1as-no-puedenpermitirse-otro-a%C3%B1o-sin-escuela
  • Gershenson, S., & Hayes, M. S. (2018). The implications of summer learning loss for value-added estimates of teacher effectiveness. Educational Policy, 32(1), 55-85.
  • Global Education Cluster. (2020). Education in global health emergencies: COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.educationcluster.net/COVID19
  • Hannay, M., & Newvine, T. (2006). Perceptions of distance learning: A comparison of online and traditional learning. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 2(1), 1-11.
  • Jamar, I. (1994). Fall Testıng: Are Some Students Dıfferentıally Dısadvantaged? Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Learning Research and Development Center.
  • Kaffenberger, M. (2021). Modeling the long-run learning impact of the COVID-19 learning shock: Actions to (more than) mitigate loss. RISE Insight Series, 1-12.
  • Karabey, B. (2021). Pandemide çocuklardaki öğrenme kayıpları [Children’s learning losses during the pandemic]. Retrieved from https://onedio.com/haber/burak-karabey-yazio-pandemide-cocuklardakiogrenme-kayiplari-952408
  • Karakuş, M. (2020). COVID 19 sürecinde öğrenme kayıpları [Learning losses during COVID-19]. Retrieved from https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/aile/yazarlar/merve-karakus/covid-19-surecinde-ogrenmekayiplari-41680150
  • Karakuyu (2019). Meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin sosyal medyadaki gelişmeleri kaçırma korkuları ve yalnızlık durumlarının nomofobilerine katkısı [Fears of vocational school students to miss the developments in social media and the ctribution of loneliness to their nomophobia], Journal of Anadolu Bil Vocational School of Higher Education, 14(54), 93-106.
  • Kayır, G., & Özçelik, F. U. (2018). İngilizce dersindeki yaz tatili öğrenme kayıplarına ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri [Teachers’ Views on Summer Learning Loss in English Lesson]. Turkish Journal of Primary Education 3(1), 33-45.
  • Kim J. S. & Quinn D. M. (2013). The effects of summer reading on low-income children’s literacy achievement from kindergarten to grade 8 a meta-analysis of classroom and home interventions. Review of Educational Research, 83(3), 386–431.
  • Kuhfeld, M. (2018, July 16). Summer Learning Loss: What We Know and What We’re Learning. Retrieved from https://www.nwea.org/blog/2018/summer-learning-loss-what-we-know-what-were-learning/
  • Kuhfeld, M. & Tarasawa B. (2020, April). The COVID-19 slide: What summer learning loss can tell us about the potential impact of school closures on student academic achievement. Retrieved from https://www.nwea.org/content/uploads/2020/05/Collaborative-Brief_Covid19-Slide-APR20.pdf
  • Kurnaz, A., Kaynar, H., Barışık, C. Ş. & Doğrukök, B. (2020). Öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitime ilişkin görüşleri [Teachers’ views on distance learning]. Journal of National Education, 49(1), 293-322.
  • Lafortune, J. (2020, 2 Nisan). How COVID-19 Closures May Disrupt Student Learning. Retrieved from https://www.ppic.org/blog/how-covid-19-closures-may-disrupt-student-learning/ on 2021, January 27.
  • Li, C. & Lalani, F. (2020, 29 Nisan). The COVID-19 pandemic has changed education forever. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/coronavirus-education-global-covid19-onlinedigitallearning/
  • Marcotte, D. & Hemelt, S. (2008). Unscheduled school closings and student performance. Education Finance and Policy,3(3), 316-338.
  • Miles, M, B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded Sourcebook. (2nd ed). Thousand
  • Neuman, W. L. & Robson, K. (2014). Basics of social research. Pearson Canada Toronto.
  • OECD. (2020). Education responses to covid-19: Embracing digital learning and collaboration. Retrieved from www.oecd.org/coronavirus/en/
  • Opere, W. M. (2021). Negative impacts of the current COVID-19 crisis on science education in Kenya: How certain can we be about the efficacy of the science learning framework online?. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 22(1), ev22i1-2559.
  • Orhan Karsak, H. G. (2019). Internet learning. In Theory and Practice in Social Sciences. Krystev, V. Efe, R. Atasoy, E. (Eds). pp. 182-191. Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press.
  • Orhan Karsak, H. G. & Şan, İ (2021). Eğitimde Uzaktan Eğitim Okuryazarlığı. Koçoğlu, E. (Ed., Eğitimde okuryazarlık becerileri-1 ss.221-245) [Distance Education Literacy in Education (Ed. Literacy skills in education-I p. 221-245)]. Ankara: Pegem Academy Publishing.
  • Osman, M. E. (2020). Global impact of COVID-19 on education systems: The emergency remote teaching at Sultan Qaboos University. Journal of Education for Teaching, 46(4), 463-471.
  • Öztaş, S., & Kılıç, B. (2017). Atatürk ilkeleri ve inkılâp tarihi dersinin uzaktan eğitim şeklinde verilmesinin öğrenci görüşleri açısından değerlendirilmesi [The evaluation of students’ opinions of teaching the Atatürk’s principles and history of revolution course with distance education]. Turkish History Education Journal, 6(2), 268-293.
  • Pier, L., Hough, H.J., Christian, M., Bookman, N., Wilkenfeld, B., & Miller, R. (2021, January 25). COVID-19 and the educational equity crisis. Evidence on learning loss from the CORE data collaborative. PACE. Retrieved from https://www.edpolicyinca.org/newsroom/covid-19-and-educational-equity-crisis
  • Reid, K. (2005). The causes, views and traits of school absenteeism and truancy: An analytical review. Research in Education, 74(1), 59-82. doi: 10.7227/RIE.74.6
  • Rogers, F. H., & Sabarwal, S. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic: Shocks to Education and Policy Responses (No. 148198, pp. 1-56). The World Bank.
  • Saavedra, J. (2020). Educational challenges and opportunities of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Retrieved from https://blogs.worldbank.org/education/educational-challenges-andopportunitiescovid-19-pandemic
  • Sabates, R., Carter, E., & Stern, J. M. B. (2021). Using educational transitions to estimate learning loss due to COVID-19 school closures: The case of Complementary Basic Education in Ghana. International Journal of Educational Development, 82, 1-9.
  • Saran, S. (2020). Technology: Digital Epiphany? COVID-19 and Our Tech Futures. In Insight Report Challenges and Opportunities in the Post-COVID-19 World (pp. 24–27).
  • Sarı, T. & Nayır, F. (2020). Pandemi dönemi eğitim: sorunlar ve fırsatlar [Education in the pandemic period: Challenges and opportunities]. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 959-975. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44335
  • Selçuk, Z. (2020). Eğitim ve öğrenme kayıpları uzun vadede tahribatlara yol açabilir [Educational and learning losses may cause destruction in the long run]. Retrieved from https://www.gunes.com/egitim/bakanselcuk-egitim-ve-ogrenme-kayiplari-uzun-vadede-tahribatlara-yol-acabilir1095850?fbclid=IwAR2E9ebEe-tfXXMNL968cpZdm4z8sKZf1YaG0CI8LquT7tsVokxm47sTcEI
  • Sezgin, F., Erdoğan, O., & Dağ, S. (2020). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin yaz tatili öğrenme kayıpları: Aile eğitim düzeyine ilişkin bir analiz [Summer learning losses of high school students: An analysis of family education]. Journal of National Education, 49(226), 35-52.
  • Sözen, N. (2020). COVID 19 sürecinde uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları üzerine bir inceleme [An investigation on distance education applications in the COVID 19 process]. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics (EJRSE), 7(12), 302-319.
  • Şen, E. U. (2009). Yapılandırmacı yaklaşım temelli yeni ilköğretim programı kılavuzluğunda gerçekleştirilen öğretim etkinlikleri sonrası yaz tatili öğrenme kayıpları [Post-teaching activities summer holiday learning losses performed under the guidance of new primary school curriculum based on constructivist learning approach]. Master’s thesis, Ondokuzmayıs University: Samsun.
  • Şirin, S. (2014, June 24). Yaz tatilinde geriye düşen çocuklar! [Kids falling behind on summer vacation] Hürriyet newspaper. Retrieved from http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yazarlar/selcuk-sirin/yaz-tatilinde-geriyedusen-cocuklar-26686887
  • TEDMEM. (2020). COVID-19 sürecinde eğitim: Uzaktan öğrenme, sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri (TEDMEM Analiz Dizisi 7) [Education during COVID-19: Distance learning, problems and solution proposals]. Ankara: Turkish Education Association Publications. Retrieved from https://tedmem.org/yayin/covid-19surecinde-egitim-uzaktan-ogrenme-sorunlar-cozum-onerileri
  • UNESCO (2020). COVID-19 educational disruption and response. Retrieved from https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse
  • Usta, N., Yılmaz, M., Kartopu, S., & Kadan, Ö. F. (2018). Impact of visuals on primary school 4
  • Uyar, A., Canpolat, M. & Şan, İ. (2021). STEM merkezindeki öğretmenlerin ve öğrencilerin STEM eğitimi hakkındaki görüşleri: PayaSTEM merkezi örneği [Views of Teachers and Students in Stem Center on STEM Education: The Sample of PayaSTEM Center]. Manas Journal of Social Studies, 10(1), 151-170.
  • Uyar, A. & Karakuyu, A. (2020). Meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin e-öğrenmeye yönelik hazırbulunuşlukları [Readiness of vocational school students’ towards e-learning]. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, 7(60), 2905-2914.
  • Von Hippel, P. T. (2019). Is Summer Learning Loss Real?. Retrieved from https://www.educationnext.org/is- summerlearning-loss-real-how-i-lost-faith-education-research-results/ on 2021, January 21.
  • Wahyudi, A. (2021). Learning loss during Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia and the strategies to minimize it. Journal of English Education and Linguistics, 2(2), 18-25.
  • Wisher, R. A., Curnow, C. K., & Seidel, R. J. (2001). Knowledge retention as a latent outcome measure in distance learning. American Journal of Distance Education, 15(3), 20-25. Doi: 10.1080/08923640109527091
  • Wilson, M. (2020). COVID-19 learning loss: Recommendations to improve student outcomes during COVID- 19 pandemic. Retrieved from https://apluscolorado.org/reports/covid-19-learning-loss/
  • World Bank. (2020). Guidance note: Remote learning & COVID-19. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/531681585957264427/pdf/Guidance-Note-on-RemoteLearning-and-COVID-19.pdf
  • Wyse, A. E., Stickney, E. M., Butz, D., Beckler, A., & Close, C. N. (2020). The potential impact of COVID‐19 on student learning and how schools can respond. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 39(3), 60-64.
  • Yamamoto, G.T. & Altun, D. (2020). Coronavirüs ve çevrimiçi(online) eğitimin önlenemeyen yükselişi [The Coronavirus and the Rising of Online Education]. Journal of University Research, 3(1), 25-34.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (11. Baskı) [Qualitative research methods in social sciences (11th edition)]. Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.
  • Yılmaz, M., & Kadan, Ö. F. (2019). Öğretmen adaylarının mesleğe yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi (Bartın Üniversitesi eğitim fakültesi örneği) [The Prospective Teachers' Attitudes Towards the Profession (Bartın University faculty of education sample)]. Journal of Social Sciences, 6(35), 487-498.
MAKALE İSTATİSTİKLERİ

                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        



                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                      
                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
LINKS

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  • 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
     Last issue
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    • 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  • 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
         Previous issues
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    • 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  • 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    Article Statistics
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    
                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    • 

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                        




                                                                                                                                                                                                        


                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        



                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
Share